Veterinary pharmaceuticals were mainly detected in livestock manure (dung and slurry) and in soil due to spreading of livestock manure on farmland. Figure 1: Number of pharmaceuticals detected in WWTP
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چکیده
During the last years, an increasing number of literature studies showed that pharmaceuticals are continuously present in the environment. In order to get a first overview of the occurrence of active pharmaceutical substances in Germany the Federal Environment Agency (UBA) collected and evaluated available data of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. The results of this study are given in the following and are based on public available literature as well as on monitoring data of the German Federal States.
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Residual Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Animal Manures and Their Environmental Behaviors in Soils
The worldwide heavy use of veterinary pharmaceuticals in confined animal-feeding operations has resulted in annual discharge of 3,000–27,000 tons of drug chemicals via livestock manure into the environment. More than 50 major antibiotics have been detected in poultry, swine, cattle, and horse manures at 0.01–765 mg kg 1 dry manure mass. In animal manures, most veterinary pharmaceuticals degrade...
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Pharmaceuticals used in livestock production may be present in manure and slurry as the parent compound and/or metabolites. The environment may therefore be exposed to these substances due to the application of organic fertilisers to agricultural land or deposition by grazing livestock. For other groups of substances that are applied to land (e.g. pesticides), preferential flow in clay soils ha...
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Analysis of earthworms offers potential for assessing the transfer of organic anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs) derived from land-applied biosolid or manure to biota. Earthworms and soil samples were collected from three Midwest agricultural fields to measure the presence and potential for transfer of 77 AWIs from land-applied biosolids and livestock manure to earthworms. The sites consiste...
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Antibiotics present in the environment are recently considered as emerging contaminants, and have raised increasing concerns about their potential risks to ecosystems and human health. In addition to the utilization for treatment, antibiotics are also routinely added as supplements in livestock feed to promote animal growth. A portion of the administered dose used for these purposes can be excr...
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Veterinary pharmaceuticals are commonly administered to animals for disease control, and added into feeds at subtherapeutic levels to improve feeding efficiency. As a result of these practices, a certain fraction of the pharmaceuticals are excreted into animal manures. Land application of these manures contaminates soils with the veterinary pharmaceuticals, which can subsequently lead to contam...
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